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19-0806; Rev 1; 11/08
KIT ATION EVALU BLE AVAILA
2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver
Features
2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wideband Operation Complete RF Transceiver, PA Driver, and Crystal Oscillator 0dBm Linear OFDM Transmit Power -70dBr Tx Spectral Emission Mask 2.3dB Rx Noise Figure Tx/Rx I/Q Error and LO Leakage Detection Monolithic Low-Noise VCO with -39dBc Integrated Phase Noise Programmable Tx I/Q Lowpass Anti-Aliasing Filter Sigma-Delta Fractional-N PLL with 20Hz Step Size 45dB Tx Gain-Control Range 94dB Receive Gain-Control Range 60dB Analog RSSI Instantaneous Dynamic Range 4-Wire SPITM Digital Interface I/Q Analog Baseband Interface Digitally Tuned Crystal Oscillator On-Chip Digital Temperature Sensor Read-Out +2.7V to +3.6V Transceiver Supply Low-Power Shutdown Current Small 48-Pin Thin QFN Package (6mm x 6mm x 0.8mm)
General Description
The MAX2837 direct-conversion zero-IF RF transceiver is designed specifically for 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz wireless broadband systems. The MAX2837 completely integrates all circuitry required to implement the RF transceiver function, providing RF-to-baseband receive path; and baseband-to-RF transmit path, VCO, frequency synthesizer, crystal oscillator, and baseband/control interface. The device includes a fast-settling sigmadelta RF synthesizer with smaller than 20Hz frequency steps and a crystal oscillator, which allows the use of a low-cost crystal in place of a TCXO. The transceiver IC also integrates circuits for on-chip DC offset cancellation, I/Q error, and carrier-leakage detection circuits. Only an RF bandpass filter (BPF), crystal, RF switch, PA, and a small number of passive components are needed to form a complete wireless broadband RF radio solution. The MAX2837 completely eliminates the need for an external SAW filter by implementing on-chip monolithic filters for both the receiver and transmitter. The baseband filters along with the Rx and Tx signal paths are optimized to meet stringent noise figure and linearity specifications. The device supports up to 2048 FFT OFDM and implements programmable channel filters for 1.75MHz to 28MHz RF channel bandwidths. The transceiver requires only 2s Tx-Rx switching time, which includes frequency transient settling. The IC is available in a small, 48-pin thin QFN package measuring only 6mm x 6mm x 0.8mm.
MAX2837
Applications
802.16-2004 Fixed WiMAX Korea Wibro and 802.16e Mobile WiMAX Dual ModeTM WiMAX/802.11b/g Wi-Fi Proprietary Wireless Broadband Systems 4G/LTE Systems
Ordering Information
PART MAX2837ETM+TD TEMP RANGE -40C to +85C PINPACKAGE 48 TQFN-EP*
Dual Mode is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. SPI is a trademark of Motorola, Inc.
*EP = Exposed paddle. +Denotes a lead-free package.
Pin Configuration appears at end of data sheet.
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
1
For information on other Maxim products, visit Maxim's website at www.maxim-ic.com.
2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver MAX2837
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
VCCLNA, VCCTXMX, VCCTXPAD, VCCDIG, VCCCP, VCCXTAL, VCCVCO, VCCRXVGA, VCCRXFL and VCCRXMX to GND...................................................................-0.3V to +3.9V B1-B7, TXRF_, CS, SCLK, DIN, DOUT, TXBBI_, TXBBQ_, RXHP, RXBBI_, RXBBQ_, RSSI, ENABLE, BYPASS, CPOUT_, CLOCKOUT, XTAL1, XTAL2, RXRF_,RXENABLE, TXENABLE to GND.......................................-0.3V to (Operating VCC + 0.3V) RXBBI_, RXBBQ_, RSSI, BYPASS, CPOUT_, DOUT, CLOCKOUT, PABIAS Short-Circuit Duration............................................10s RF Input Power ...............................................................+10dBm Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70C) 48-Pin Thin QFN (derates 37mW/C above +70C).......2.96W Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40C to +85C Junction Temperature ......................................................+150C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65C to +160C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+260C
CAUTION! ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(MAX2837 evaluation kit: VCC_ = 2.7V to 3.6V, Rx set to the maximum gain; CS = high, RXHP = SCLK = DIN = low, RSSI and clock output buffer are off, no signal at RF inputs, all RF inputs and outputs terminated into 50, receiver baseband outputs are open; 90mVRMS differential I and Q signals applied to I, Q baseband inputs of transmitter in transmit mode, fREF = 40MHz, registers set to recommended settings and corresponding test mode, TA = -40C to +85C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = 2.8V, fLO = 2.5GHz, and TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER Supply Voltage VCC_ Shutdown mode, TA = +25C Standby mode Supply Current Rx mode Tx mode, TA = +25C Rx calibration mode Tx calibration mode D9:D8 = 00 in A4:A0 = 00100 Rx I/Q Output Common-Mode Voltage D9:D8 = 01 in A4:A0 = 00100 D9:D8 = 10 in A4:A0 = 00100 D9:D8 = 11 in A4:A0 = 00100 Tx Baseband Input CommonMode Voltage Operating Range Tx Baseband Input Bias Current DC-coupled Source current VCC 0.4 0.4 -1 -1 +1 +1 0.5 10 0.85 CONDITIONS MIN 2.7 10 35 91 145 135 110 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.35 1.2 20 V A 45 110 170 160 135 1.20 V mA TYP MAX 3.6 UNITS V A
LOGIC INPUTS: ENABLE, TXENABLE, RXENABLE, SCLK, DIN, CS, B7:B1, RXHP Digital Input-Voltage High, VIH Digital Input-Voltage Low, VIL Digital Input-Current High, IIH Digital Input-Current Low, IIL V V A A
2
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2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(MAX2837 evaluation kit: VCC_ = 2.7V to 3.6V, Rx set to the maximum gain; CS = high, RXHP = SCLK = DIN = low, RSSI and clock output buffer are off, no signal at RF inputs, all RF inputs and outputs terminated into 50, receiver baseband outputs are open; 90mVRMS differential I and Q signals applied to I, Q baseband inputs of transmitter in transmit mode, fREF = 40MHz, registers set to recommended settings and corresponding test mode, TA = -40C to +85C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = 2.8V, fLO = 2.5GHz, and TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER LOGIC OUTPUTS: DOUT Digital Output-Voltage High, VOH Digital Output-Voltage Low, VOL Sourcing 100A Sinking 100A VCC 0.4 0.4 V V CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
MAX2837
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS--Rx MODE
(MAX2837 evaluation kit: V CC _ = 2.8V, f RF = 2.502GHz, f LO = 2.5GHz; receiver baseband I/Q outputs at 90mV RMS (-21dBV), fREF = 40MHz, ENABLE = RXENABLE = CS = high, TXENABLE = SCLK = DIN = low, with power matching for the differential RF pins using the typical applications and registers set to default settings and corresponding test mode, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted. Lowpass filter is set to 10MHz RF channel BW. Unmodulated single-tone RF input signal is used, unless otherwise indicated.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER RF Input Frequency Range Peak-to-Peak Gain Variation over RF Input Frequency Range RF Input Return Loss Total Voltage Gain Tested at band edges and band center All LNA gain settings TA = -40C to +85C Maximum gain, B7:B1 = 0000000 Minimum gain, B7:B1 = 1111111 90 CONDITIONS MIN 2.3 0.8 13 99 5 8 16 32 0.2 s 2 dB 13 TYP MAX 2.7 UNITS GHz dB dB dB
RECEIVER SECTION: LNA RF INPUT TO BASEBAND I/Q OUTPUTS
From max RF gain to max RF gain - 8dB RF Gain Steps From max RF gain to max RF gain - 16dB From max RF gain to max RF gain - 32dB Any RF or baseband gain change; gain settling to within 1dB of steady state; RXHP = 1 Any RF or baseband gain change; gain settling to within 0.1dB of steady state; RXHP = 1 Baseband Gain Range Baseband Gain Minimum Step Size Voltage gain 65dB with max RF gain (B7:B6 = 00) Voltage gain = 50dB with max RF gain - 8dB (B7:B6 = 01) DSB Noise Figure Voltage gain = 45dB with max RF gain - 16dB (B7:B6 = 10) Voltage gain = 15dB with max RF gain - 32dB (B7:B6 = 11) From maximum baseband gain (B5:B1 = 00000) to minimum baseband gain (B5:B1 = 11111), TA = -40C to +85C 58
Gain Change Settling Time
62
66
dB
2 2.3 5.5 17 27
dB
dB
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3
2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver MAX2837
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS--Rx MODE (continued)
MAX2837 evaluation kit: V CC _ = 2.8V, f RF = 2.502GHz, f LO = 2.5GHz; receiver baseband I/Q outputs at 90mV RMS (-21dBV), fREF = 40MHz, ENABLE = RXENABLE = CS = high, TXENABLE = SCLK = DIN = low, with power matching for the differential RF pins using the typical applications and registers set to default settings and corresponding test mode, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted. Lowpass filter is set to 10MHz RF channel BW. Unmodulated single-tone RF input signal is used, unless otherwise indicated.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER CONDITIONS Max RF gain (B7:B6 = 00) In-Band Input P-1dB Max RF gain - 8dB (B7:B6 = 01) Max RF gain - 16dB (B7:B6 = 10) Max RF gain - 32dB (B7:B6 = 11) Maximum Output Signal Level Over passband frequency range; at any gain setting; 1dB compression point Max RF gain (B7:B6 = 00), AGC set for -65dBm wanted signal Max RF gain - 8dB (B7:B6 = 01), AGC set for -55dBm wanted signal Out-of-Band Input IP3 (Note 2) Max RF gain - 16dB (B7:B6 = 10), AGC set for -40dBm wanted signal Max RF gain - 32dB (B7:B6 = 11), AGC set for -30dBm wanted signal I/Q Phase Error I/Q Gain Imbalance Rx I/Q Output Load Impedance (R || C) I/Q Output DC Droop 50kHz baseband output; 1 variation 50kHz baseband output; 1 variation Minimum differential resistance Maximum differential capacitance After switching RXHP to 0; average over 1s after any gain change, or 2s after receive enabled with 100Hz interval AC-coupling, 1 variation No RF input signal; measure at 3s after receive enable; RXHP = 1 for 0 to 2s and set to 0 after 2s, 1 variation Transmitter I/Q input to receiver I/Q output; transmitter B6:B1 = 000011, receiver B5:B1 = 10100 programmed through SPI -6 +16 0.15 0.1 10 5 1 Degrees dB k pF mV/ms MIN TYP -37 -29 -21 -4 2.5 -11 -8 dBm VP-P dBm MAX UNITS
I/Q Static DC Offset
1
mV
Loopback Gain (for Receiver I/Q Calibration) RECEIVER BASEBAND FILTERS
-4.5
0
+4.5
dB
At 15MHz Baseband Filter Rejection At 20MHz At > 40MHz RXHP = 1 (used before AGC completion) D5:D4 = 00 Baseband Highpass Filter Corner Frequency RXHP = 0 (used after AGC completion) address A4:A0 = 01110 D5:D4 = 01 D5:D4 = 10 D5:D4 = 11
57 75 90 650 0.1 1 30 100 kHz dB
4
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2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS--Rx MODE (continued)
MAX2837 evaluation kit: V CC _ = 2.8V, f RF = 2.502GHz, f LO = 2.5GHz; receiver baseband I/Q outputs at 90mV RMS (-21dBV), fREF = 40MHz, ENABLE = RXENABLE = CS = high, TXENABLE = SCLK = DIN = low, with power matching for the differential RF pins using the typical applications and registers set to default settings and corresponding test mode, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted. Lowpass filter is set to 10MHz RF channel BW. Unmodulated single-tone RF input signal is used, unless otherwise indicated.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER CONDITIONS A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0000 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0001 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0010 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0011 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0100 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0101 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0110 RF Channel BW Supported by Baseband Filter A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0111 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1000 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1001 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1010 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1011 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1100 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1101 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1110 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1111 Baseband Gain Ripple Baseband Group Delay Ripple Baseband Filter Rejection for 5MHz RF Channel BW Baseband Filter Rejection for 10MHz RF Channel BW RSSI RSSI Minimum Output Voltage RSSI Maximum Output Voltage RSSI Slope RSSI Output Settling Time To within 3dB of steady state +32dB signal step -32dB signal step RLOAD 10k RLOAD 10k 0.4 2.2 30 200 800 V V mV/dB ns 0 to 2.3MHz for BW = 5MHz 0 to 4.6MHz for BW = 10MHz 0 to 2.3MHz for BW = 5MHz 0 to 4.6MHz for BW = 10MHz At 3.3MHz At > 21MHz At 6.7MHz At > 41.6MHz MIN TYP 1.75 2.25 3.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 15.0 20.0 24.0 28.0 1.3 1.3 90 50 7 85 7 85 dBP-P nsP-P dB dB MHz MAX UNITS
MAX2837
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5
2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver MAX2837
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS--Tx MODE
(MAX2837 evaluation kit: VCC_ = 2.8V, TA = +25C, fRF = 2.502GHz, fLO = 2.5GHz; fREF = 40MHz, ENABLE = TXENABLE = CS = high, and RXENABLE = SCLK = DIN = low, with power matching for the differential RF pins using the Typical Operating Circuit. Lowpass fitler is set to 10MHz RF channel BW, 90mVRMS sine and cosine signal (or 90mVRMS 64QAM 1024-FFT OFDMA FUSC I/Q signals wherever OFDM is mentioned) applied to baseband I/Q inputs of transmitter (differential DC-coupled).) (Note 1)
PARAMETER RF Output Frequency Range Peak-to-Peak Gain Variation over RF Band Total Voltage Gain Maximum Output Power over Frequency for Any Given 200MHz Band RF Output Return Loss RF Gain Control Range Without calibration by modem, and excludes modem Unwanted Sideband Suppression I/Q imbalance; P OUT = 0dBm B1 B2 RF Gain-Control Binary Weights B3 B4 B5 B6 Carrier Leakage Tx I/Q Input Impedance (R || C) Baseband Frequency Response for 5MHz RF Channel BW Baseband Frequency Response for 10MHz RF Channel BW Baseband Group Delay Ripple Relative to 0dBm output power; without calibration by modem Minimum differential resistance Maximum differential capacitance 0 to 2.3MHz At > 25MHz 0 to 4.6MHz At > 17MHz 0 to 2.3MHz (BW = 5MHz) 0 to 4.6MHz (BW = 10MHz) Output optimally matched over 200MHz RF BW Max gain; at unbalanced 50 balun output CONDITIONS MIN 2.3 2.5 12 0 TYP MAX 2.7 UNITS GHz dB dB dBm
TRANSMIT SECTION: Tx BASEBAND I/Q INPUTS TO RF OUTPUTS
OFDM signal conforming to spectral emission mask and -36dB EVM after I/Q imbalance calibration by modem (Note 3) Given 200MHz band in the 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz range, for which the matching has been optimized
8 45 45 1 2 4 8 16 16 -35 100 0.5 0.2 80 0.2 80 20 12
dB dB dBc
dB
dBc k pF dB dB ns
6
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS--FREQUENCY SYNTHESIS
(MAX2837 evaluation kit: VCC_ = 2.8V, fLO = 2.5GHz, fREF = 40MHz, ENABLE = CS = high, SCLK = DIN = low, PLL loop bandwidth = 120kHz, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER RF Channel Center Frequency Channel Center Frequency Programming Minimum Step Size Charge-Pump Comparison Frequency Reference Frequency Range Reference Frequency Input Levels Reference Frequency Input Impedance (R || C) Programmable Reference Divider Values Closed-Loop Integrated Phase Noise Charge-Pump Output Current Close-In Spur Level Reference Spur Level Turnaround LO Frequency Error Relative to steady state; measured 35s after Tx-Rx or Rx-Tx switching instant, and 4s after any receiver gain changes Relative to the ambient temperature TA, as long as the VCO lock temperature range is within operating temperature range 1 20MHz output, 1x drive setting Resistance Capacitance 1.5 10 2 Loop BW = 120kHz; integrate phase noise from 200Hz to 5MHz, charge-pump comparison frequency = 40MHz On each differential side f OFFSET = 0 to 1.8MHz f OFFSET = 1.8MHz to 7MHz f OFFSET > 7MHz AC-coupled to XTAL2 pin Resistance (XTAL2 pin) Capacitance (XTAL2 pin) 1 11 11 800 10 1 2 -39 1.6 -40 -70 -80 -85 50 dBc Hz dBc 4 dBc mA 2.3 20 40 40 80 2.7 GHz Hz MHz MHz mVP-P k pF CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
MAX2837
Temperature Range over Which VCO Maintains Lock Reference Output Clock Divider Values Output Clock Drive Level Output Clock Minimum Load Impedance (R || C)
TA 40
C
2 VP-P k pF
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7
2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver MAX2837
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS--MISCELLANEOUS BLOCKS
(MAX2837 evaluation kit: VCC_ = 2.8V, fREF = 40MHz, ENABLE = CS = high, SCLK = DIN = low, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER PA BIAS DAC: CURRENT MODE Numbers of Bits Minimum Output Sink Current Maximum Output Sink Current Compliance Voltage Range Turn-On Time DNL PA BIAS DAC: VOLTAGE MODE Output High Level Output Low Level Turn-On Time CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR On-Chip Tuning Capacitance Range Maximum capacitance, A4:A0 = 11000, D6:D0 =1111111 Minimum capacitance, A4:A0 = 11000, D6:D0 =0000000 15.5 pF 0.5 0.12 pF 10mA source current 10mA sink current Excludes programmable delay of 0 to 7s in steps of 0.5s VCC 0.2 0.1 200 V V ns Excludes programmable delay of 0 to 7s in steps of 0.5s D5:D0 = 000000 in A4:A0 = 11100 D5:D0 = 111111 in A4:A0 = 11100 0.8 200 1 6 0 310 2.0 Bits A A V ns LSB CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
On-Chip Tuning Capacitance Step Size ON-CHIP TEMPERATURE SENSOR Digital Output Code Read-out at DOUT pin through SPI A4:A0 = 00111, D4:D0 TA = +25C TA = +85C TA = -40C
01111 11101 00001
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS--TIMING
(MAX2837 evaluation kit: VCC_ = 2.8V, fLO = 2.5GHz, fREF = 40MHz, ENABLE = CS = high, SCLK = DIN = low, PLL loop bandwidth = 120kHz, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER SYSTEM TIMING Measured from Tx or Rx enable rising edge; signal settling to within 0.5dB of steady state Rx to Tx 2 s Tx to Rx, RXHP = 1 2 SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Turnaround Time
Tx Turn-On Time (from Standby Mode)
Measured from Tx enable rising edge; signal settling to within 0.5dB of steady state
2
s
8
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS--TIMING (continued)
(MAX2837 evaluation kit: VCC_ = 2.8V, fLO = 2.5GHz, fREF = 40MHz, ENABLE = CS = high, SCLK = DIN = low, PLL loop bandwidth = 120kHz, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER Tx Turn-Off Time (to Standby Mode) Rx Turn-On Time (from Standby Mode) Rx Turn-Off Time (to Standby Mode) SCLK Rising Edge to CS Falling Edge Wait Time Falling Edge of CS to Rising Edge of First SCLK Time DIN to SCLK Setup Time DIN to SCLK Hold Time SCLK Pulse-Width High SCLK Pulse-Width Low Last Rising Edge of SCLK to Rising Edge of CS or Clock to Load Enable Setup Time
CS High Pulse Width
MAX2837
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS From Tx enable falling edge Measured from Rx enable rising edge; signal settling to within 0.5dB of steady state From Rx enable falling edge
MIN
TYP 0.1
MAX
UNITS s
2
s
0.1
s
4-WIRE SERIAL-INTERFACE TIMING (See Figure 1) tCSO tCSS tDS tDH tCH tCL tCSH tCSW tCS1 fCLK tR tF tD fCLK / 10 fCLK / 10 12.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 6 45 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns MHz ns ns ns
Time Between Rising Edge of CS and the Next Rising Edge of SCLK Clock Frequency Rise Time Fall Time SCLK Falling Edge to Valid DOUT
Note 1: Min and max limits guaranteed by test above TA = +25C and guaranteed by design and characterization at TA = -40C. The power-on register settings are not production tested. Recommended register setting must be loaded after VCC is supplied. Note 2: Two tones at +25MHz and +39MHz offset with -35dBm/tone. Measure IM3 at 1MHz. Note 3: Gain adjusted over max gain and max gain - 3dB. Optimally matched over given 200MHz band.
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9
2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver MAX2837
Typical Operating Characteristics
(MAX2837 evaluation kit: V CC_ = 2.8V, f LO = 2.5GHz, 10MHz channel 16E UL/DL WiMax signal, fREF = 40MHz, ENABLE = CS = high, RXHP = SCLK = DIN = low, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
NOISE FIGURE vs. BASEBAND VGA GAIN SETTING
MAX2837 toc01 MAX2837 toc02
Rx CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
97 TA = +85C 95 93 91 89 87 85 2.7 3.0 3.3 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 3.6 TA = -40C TA = +25C 40 35 30 NOISE FIGURE (dB) CURRENT (mA) 25 20 15
Rx VOLTAGE GAIN vs. BASEBAND GAIN SETTING
LNA = MAX - 8dB 80 Rx VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) LNA = MAX 60
MAX2837 toc03
100
LNA = MAX - 32dB
LNA = MAX - 16dB
40 LNA = MAX - 16dB 20 LNA = MAX - 32dB 0
LNA = MAX - 8dB 10 5 0 0 8 16 24 BASEBAND VGA CODE 32 LNA = MAX
0
8
16 24 BASEBAND VGA CODE
32
Rx VOLTAGE GAIN VARIATION vs. RF FREQUENCY
MAX2837 toc04
Rx IN-BAND OUTPUT V1dB vs. BASEBAND GAIN SETTING
MAX2837 toc05
Rx EVM vs. PIN
LNA = MAX - 8dB LNA = MAX -16dB 20 18 16 EVM (%) 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 LNA = MAX -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 PIN (dBm) 0 0 LNA = MAX - 32dB
MAX2837 toc06
2 Rx VOLTAGE GAIN VARIATION (dB)
1.5 Rx IN-BAND OUTPUT V1dB (VRMS)
22
1.2
1
LNA = MAX - 32dB
0.9
0
0.6
-1
LNA = MAX LNA = MAX - 8dB LNA = MAX - 16dB
0.3
-2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 2.7
0 0 8 16 24 BASEBAND VGA CODE 32
WiMAX EVM WITH OFDM JAMMER vs. OFFSET FREQUENCY
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
MAX2837 toc07
Rx EMISSION SPECTRUM AT LNA INPUT
4/3LO -60 -70 -80 (dBm) -90 -100 -110 -120 -130 MIN LNA GAIN RBW = 300kHz DC 26.5GHz
MAX2837 toc08
PIN = -60dBm
8/3LO
4LO
-50
EVM (%)
fOFFSET = 10MHz
fOFFSET = 20MHz -65 -55 -45 PJAMMER (dBm) -35 -25
-140 -150
10
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2LO
8LO
2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(MAX2837 evaluation kit: V CC_ = 2.8V, f LO = 2.5GHz, 10MHz channel 16E UL/DL WiMax signal, fREF = 40MHz, ENABLE = CS = high, RXHP = SCLK = DIN = low, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
Rx RSSI STEP RESPONSE (+40dB SIGNAL STEP)
MAX2837 toc11 MAX2837 toc10
MAX2837
INPUT RETURN LOSS vs. RF FREQUENCY
LNA = MAX - 32dB INPUT RETURN LOSS (dB) -10 RSSI VOLTAGE (V) 2.0
MAX2837 toc09
RSSI VOLTAGE vs. INPUT POWER
3.0 CW TONE 2.5 LNA = MAX 3V
0
LNA = MAX - 8dB 1.5 1.0 LNA = MAX - 16dB 0.5 0V 1.45V
-20 LNA = MAX - 8dB, LNA = MAX - 16dB -30 LNA = MAX -40 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 3.0
LNA = MAX - 32dB 0 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 INPUT POWER (dBm) 0
0.45V 200ns/div
Rx RSSI STEP RESPONSE (-40dB SIGNAL STEP)
MAX2837 toc12
Rx LPF GROUP DELAY vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2837 toc13
HISTOGRAM: Rx STATIC DC OFFSET
MEAN: 0mV STD: 0.977mV SAMPLE SIZE: 1006
MAX2837 toc14
350 300 LPF GROUP DELAY (ns) 250 CHANNEL BW = 9MHz 200 150 100 50 0 CHANNEL BW = 10MHz CHANNEL BW = 5MHz CHANNEL BW = 8MHz
78 65 52 39 26 13 0
3V
0V 1.5V
0.45V 200ns/div
0
2
4
6 8 10 12 FREQUENCY (MHz)
14
16
1/div
Tx CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX2837 toc15
Tx OUTPUT POWER vs. RF FREQUENCY
MAX2837 toc16
150
1 VCC = 3V, 3.6V 0 Tx POWER (dBm)
TA = +85C CURRENT (mA) 145 TA = +25C
-1 VCC = 2.7V -2
140
TA = -40C 135 2.7 3.0 3.3 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 3.6 -3 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 2.7
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11
2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver MAX2837
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(MAX2837 evaluation kit: V CC_ = 2.8V, f LO = 2.5GHz, 10MHz channel 16E UL/DL WiMax signal, fREF = 40MHz, ENABLE = CS = high, RXHP = SCLK = DIN = low, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
Tx OUTPUT POWER vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2837 toc17
Tx OUTPUT SPECTRUM
POUT = -3dBm EVM = 1.35% fRF = 2.5GHz 10dB/div (dBm)
MAX2837 toc18
Tx POUT vs. GAIN SETTING
-40C FORBIDDEN CODE 0 Tx POWER (dBm) -10 -20 +85C -30 -40 +85C -50 +25C
MAX2837 toc19
0 Tx VGA SET TO MAX - 3dB -0.5 Tx POWER (dBm) -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 -2.5 -3.0 -40 -15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (C) 60
10
-40C +25C
85
0
8
16
5MHz/div
24 32 40 48 Tx VGA GAIN CODE
56
64
Tx TRANSMIT SPECTRUM FROM DC TO 26.5GHz
MAX2837 toc20
EVM vs. Tx OUTPUT POWER
MAX2837 toc21
PHASE NOISE vs. OFFSET FREQUENCY
-60 -70 PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 -130 -140
MAX2837 toc22
0 -10 -20 -30 (dBm) -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 DC RF
4/3RF 2RF 8/3RF 4RF
2.0
-50
RBW = 1MHz
1.8
16/3RF
EVM (%)
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0 26.5GHz -30 -24 -18 -12 -6 OUTPUT POWER (dBm) 0
-150 0.001
0.01 0.1 1 OFFSET FREQUENCY (MHz)
10
PLL SETTLING TIME FROM SHUTDOWN
MAX2837 toc23
2.5kHz
CRYSTAL OFFSET FREQUENCY vs. CTUNE BITS
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 -100 -200 -300 -400 -500 -600 -700 -800 KYOCERA (CX-3225SB)
MAX2837 toc24
500Hz/div
-2.5kHz 0s 1ms
CRYSTAL OFFSET FREQUENCY (Hz)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 CTUNE (DIGITAL BITS)
12
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2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver
Block Diagram/Typical Operating Circuit
MAX2837
MODE CONTROL
Tx INPUTS
Rx BASEBAND HPF CONTROL
Rx I OUTPUTS
RXENABLE
TXENABLE
VCCRXMX
VCCRXVGA
TXBBQ+
TXBBQ-
VCCRXFL
RXBBI+
38
TXBBI+
48 VCCRXLNA GNDRXLNA
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
+
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 AM DETECTOR SCLK 28 27 PLL 26 25 19 20 21 22 23 24 TEMP SENSOR RSSI RSSI MUX IMUX 36 35 QMUX 34 33 32 31 SERIAL INTERFACE 30 29
RXBBI37 RXBBQ+ RXBBQB6 B7 RSSI DIN CS DOUT VCCVCO BYPASS GNDVCO ENABLE MODE CONTROL SERIAL INPUTS SERIAL INPUTS SERIAL OUTPUT Rx Q OUTPUTS
TXBBI-
MAX2837
RSSI
RXHP
Rx INPUT
Rx/Tx GAIN CONTROL
B5 RXRF+ RXRF-
TO RSSI MUX
Rx/Tx GAIN CONTROL Rx GAIN CONTROL
90 IMUX QMUX 0
Rx/Tx GAIN CONTROL
B4 VCCTXPAD
Rx/Tx GAIN CONTROL Rx/Tx GAIN CONTROL
B3 B2 TXRF+ TXRF-
Tx OUTPUT
10 11 12 13 SERIAL INTERFACE 14 15
Rx/Tx GAIN CONTROL
B1
/
16
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR/ BUFFER 17 18
/
CPOUT+
CLOCKOUT
VCCTXMX
SERIAL INPUTS
VCCXTAL
PLL LOOP FILTER
REFERENCE CLOCK BUFFER OUTPUT
______________________________________________________________________________________
CPOUT-
GNDCP
PABIAS
XTAL2
SCLK
XTAL1
VCCDIG
VCCCP
13
2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver MAX2837
Pin Description
PIN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 NAME VCCRXLNA GNDRXLNA B5 RXRF+ RXRFB4 VCCTXPAD B3 B2 TXRF+ TXRFB1 VCCTXMX PABIAS SCLK CLOCKOUT XTAL2 XTAL1 VCCXTAL VCCDIG VCCCP GNDCP CPOUT+ CPOUTENABLE GNDVCO BYPASS VCCVCO DOUT CS DIN RSSI B7 B6 RXBBQRXBBQ+ RXBBIRXBBI+ VCCRXVGA RXHP VCCRXFL FUNCTION LNA Supply Voltage. Bypass with a capacitor as close as possible to the pin. LNA Ground Receiver and Transmitter Gain-Control Logic Input Bit 5 LNA Differential Inputs. Inputs are internally DC-coupled. An external shunt inductor and series capacitors match the inputs to 100 differential. Receiver and Transmitter Gain-Control Logic Input Bit 4 Supply Voltage for Power-Amplifier Driver. Bypass with a capacitor as close as possible to the pin. Receiver and Transmitter Gain-Control Logic Input Bit 3 Receiver and Transmitter Gain-Control Logic Input Bit 2 Power-Amplifier Driver Differential Output. PA driver output is internally matched to a 100 differential. The pins have internal DC-blocking capacitors. Receiver and Transmitter Gain-Control Logic Input Bit 1 Transmitter Upconverter Supply Voltage. Bypass with a capacitor as close as possible to the pin. Transmit PA Bias DAC Output Serial-Clock Logic Input of 4-Wire Serial Interface (See Figure 1) Reference Clock Buffer Output Crystal or Reference Clock Input. AC-couple a crystal or a reference clock to this analog input. Connection for Crystal-Oscillator Off-Chip Capacitors. When using an external reference clock input, leave XTAL1 unconnected. Crystal-Oscillator Supply Voltage. Bypass with a capacitor as close as possible to the pin. Digital Circuit Supply Voltage. Bypass with a capacitor as close as possible to the pin. PLL Charge-Pump Supply Voltage. Bypass with a capacitor as close as possible to the pin. Charge-Pump Circuit Ground Differential Charge-Pump Output. Connect the frequency synthesizer's loop filter between CPOUT+ and CPOUT-. (See the Typical Operating Circuit.) Operation Mode Logic Input. See Table 1 for operating modes. VCO Ground On-Chip VCO Regulator Output Bypass. Bypass with a 1F capacitor to GND. Do not connect other circuitry to this point. VCO Supply Voltage. Bypass with a capacitor as close as possible to the pin. Data Logic Output of 4-Wire Serial Interface (See Figure 1) Chip-Select Logic Input of 4-Wire Serial Interface (See Figure 1) Data Logic Input of 4-Wire Serial Interface (See Figure 1) RSSI or Temperature Sensor Multiplexed Analog Output Receiver Gain-Control Logic Input Bit 7 Receiver and Transmitter Gain-Control Logic Input Bit 6 Receiver Baseband Q-Channel Differential Outputs. In Tx calibration mode, these pins are the LO leakage and sideband detector outputs. Receiver Baseband I-Channel Differential Outputs. In Tx calibration mode, these pins are the LO leakage and sideband detector outputs. Receiver VGA Supply Voltage Receiver Baseband AC-Coupling Highpass Corner Frequency Control Logic Input Receiver Baseband Filter Supply Voltage
14
______________________________________________________________________________________
2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver
Pin Description (continued)
PIN 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 EP NAME TXBBITXBBI+ TXBBQ+ TXBBQVCCRXMX TXENABLE RXENABLE EP FUNCTION Transmitter Baseband I-Channel Differential Inputs Transmitter Baseband Q-Channel Differential Inputs Receiver Downconverters Supply Voltage. Bypass with a capacitor as close as possible to the pin. Tx Mode Control Logic Input. See Table 1 for operating modes. Rx Mode Control Logic Input. See Table 1 for operating modes. Exposed Paddle. Connect to the ground plane with multiple vias for proper operation and heat dissipation. Do not share with any other pin grounds and bypass capacitors' ground.
MAX2837
Table 1. Operating Mode Table
LOGIC PINS MODE ENABLE RXENABLE TXENABLE Clock-Out Shutdown Standby Rx Tx Rx Calibration Tx Calibration 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 D1:D0 A4:A0 = 10000 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 X 1 1 1 1 Rx PATH Tx PATH PLL, VCO, LO GEN Off Off On On On On REGISTER SETTING CIRCUIT BLOCK STATES CALIBRATION SECTIONS ON None None None None None Tx Baseband Buffer AM Detector, Rx I/Q Buffers CLOCK OUT On Off On On On On
Off Off Off Off Off* Off* On Off Off On On Off (Except (Except Upconverters) LNA) Off On (Except PA Driver)
1
0
1
1
1
On
On
*Blocks of the transceiver can be selectively enabled through SPI.
Detailed Description
Modes of Operation
The modes of operation for the MAX2837 are clock-out, shutdown, transmit, receive, transmitter calibration, and receiver calibration. See Table 1 for a summary of the modes of operation. The logic input pins--ENABLE (pin 25), TXENABLE (pin 47), and RXENABLE (pin 48)--control the various modes. When the parts are active, various blocks can be shut down individually through SPI.
Standby Mode The standby mode is used to enable the frequency synthesizer block while the rest of the device is powered down. In this mode, PLL, VCO, and LO generator are on, so that Tx or Rx modes can be quickly enabled from this mode. These and other blocks can be selectively enabled in this mode. Receive (Rx) Mode In receive mode, all Rx circuit blocks are powered on and active. Antenna signal is applied; RF is downconverted, filtered, and buffered at Rx BB I and Q outputs. The slowcharging Tx circuits are in a precharged "idle-off" state for fast Rx-to-Tx turnaround time. Transmit (Tx) Mode In transmit mode, all Tx circuit blocks are powered on. The external PA is powered on after a programmable
15
Shutdown Mode The MAX2837 features a low-power shutdown mode. Current drain is the minimum possible with the supply voltages applied. In shutdown mode, all circuit blocks are powered down, except the 4-wire serial bus and its internal programmable registers. If the supply voltage is applied, the registers are loaded and retained.
______________________________________________________________________________________
2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver MAX2837
DOUT DON'T CARE
DIN
BIT 1
BIT 2
BIT 5
BIT 6
BIT 13
BIT 14
SCLK tCH tCL
tCS1
tDS CS tCSO tCSS tDH
tCSH
tCSW
SPI REGISTER WRITE
DOUT
DON'T CARE tD
BIT 6
BIT 13
BIT 14
DIN
BIT 1
BIT 2
BIT 5
DON'T CARE
SCLK
CS SPI REGISTER READ
Figure 1. 4-Wire SPI Serial-Interface Timing Diagram
delay using the on-chip PA bias DAC. The slow-charging Rx circuits are in a precharged "idle-off" state for fast Tx-to-Rx turnaround time.
Clock-Out Only In clock-out mode, the entire transceiver is off except the divided reference clock output on the CLKOUT pin and the clock divider, which remains on.
Programmable Registers and 4-Wire SPI Interface
The MAX2837 includes 32 programmable 16-bit registers. The most significant bit (MSB) is the read/write selection bit. The next 5 bits are register address. The 10 least significant bits (LSBs) are register data. Register data is loaded through the 4-wire SPI/MICROWIRETM-compatible serial interface. Data at DIN is shifted in MSB first and is framed by CS. When
CS is low, the clock is active, and input data is shifted at the rising edge of the clock. During the read mode, register data selected by address bits is shifted out to DOUT at the falling edges of the clock. At the CS rising edge, the 10-bit data bits are latched into the register selected by address bits. See Figure 1. The register values are preserved in shutdown mode as long as the power-supply voltage is maintained. However, every time the power-supply voltage is turned on, the registers are reset to the default values. Note that default register states are not guaranteed, and the user should always reprogram all registers after power-up.
MICROWIRE is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corp.
16
______________________________________________________________________________________
2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver
Pin Configuration
PROCESS: SiGe BiCMOS
RXBBQENABLE VCCVCO DOUT
Chip Information
MAX2837
TOP VIEW
36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 RXBBI- 37 RXBBI+ 38 VCCRXVGA 39 RXHP 40 VCCRXFL 41 TXBBI- 42 TXBBI+ 43 TXBBQ+ 44 TXBBQ- 45 VCCRXMX 46 TXENABLE 47 RXENABLE 48 1 VCCRXLNA 2 GNDRXLNA 3 B5 4 RXRF+ 5 RXRF6 B4 7 VCCTXPAD 8 B3 9 B2 10 11 12 TXRF+ TXRFB1 24 CPOUT23 CPOUT+ 22 GNDCP 21 VCCCP 20 VCCDIG 19 VCCXTAL
GNDVCO
BYPASS
RXBBQ+
RSSI
DIN
CS
B6
B7
Package Information
For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. PACKAGE TYPE 48 TQFN-EP PACKAGE CODE T4866-2 DOCUMENT NO. 21-0141
MAX2837
18 XTAL1 17 XTAL2 16 CLOCKOUT 15 SCLK
+
14 PABIAS 13 VCCTXMX
THIN QFN 6mm x 6mm
______________________________________________________________________________________
17
2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver MAX2837
Revision History
REVISION NUMBER 0 1 REVISION DATE 5/07 11/08 Initial release Corrected SPI description in Programmable Registers and 4-Wire SPIInterface section DESCRIPTION PAGES CHANGED -- 16
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
18 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 (c) 2008 Maxim Integrated Products is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.

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